How to right a college essay
How To Write A Essay About Myself
Thursday, September 3, 2020
Painful Ankle Medical Treatment Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
Excruciating Ankle Medical Treatment - Case Study Example Drugs: The patient has been on analgesics wide range anti-infection agents routine that finished three days prior; gave at the center. No other prescription currently.Allergies: The customer has a particular protein food hypersensitivities, can't eat eggs. There is no known medication allergies.Immunisation: Tetanus infusion following the cut (multi week prior) planned for a rehash (sponsor) in three weeksââ¬â¢ time (Greaves and Johnson 2002, p.38).SH: the patient is hitched, living with the spouse and two kids. He is a rancher while his better half claims a staple shop. Doesn't smoke however once in a while takes alcohol.His leisure activities incorporate perusing, tuning in to music and tending the flowers.O/E: Stable general standpoint. Not wiped out looking. NAD on assessment of the head, Neck, back, chest. Hands.Left foot: The lower leg joint is swollen. The patient reports difficult joint and can't walk well.ROM: ROM: Active: Flexion-Cannot flex the lower leg because of agon y on foremost perspective Extension-full range; with negligible torment on movementAbduction-agonizing Adduction-painfulMedial Rotation-excruciating Passive: Flexion-full range; with torment on front viewpoint the ankleExtension-full range; difficult Abduction-full range; painfulMedial Rotation-painfulResistive: Flexion-with serious torment on foremost part of ankleExtension-excruciating Abduction-painfulMedial Rotation-painfulImpression: Ankle sprain
Saturday, August 22, 2020
English Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1
English - Essay Example The quick rate that our ocean levels have been raising at has given numerous nations the threats as it could clear them off the world guide that we know today, similar to the Caribbean. The individuals of the Caribbean have been attempting to battle this issue over numerous years and researchers state continuously 2100, the Caribbean will never again be a piece of the world guide. I figure it will be the following atlantes this raising ocean levels will likewise influence and alarm numerous different nations like the Philippines, Indonesia and Bangladesh as they are near the ocean levels and may likewise be joining the Caribbean. Likewise these raising ocean levels have been causing tidal waves and other cataclysmic events because of the changing atmosphere and ocean levels. A worldwide temperature alteration has numerous impacts; one of these significant impacts is the Ozone opening which has numerous impacts that have gradually been devastating our planet without our knowing, yet o n account of the trend setting innovation of today, we have had the option to see theories issues and impacts however it is past the point of no return, this Ozone gap particularly influenced Antarctica as the ice is liquefying which expanded the ocean levels influencing numerous nations and prompting their annihilation. The expansion in the atmosphere has lead to the passing of numerous penguins and their reality is connected to the polar bears. We have been obliterating their homes and we may be the purpose behind their annihilation, on the off chance that we continue strolling the way that we are strolling today. Additionally, the life forms living in Antarctica have likewise been kicking the bucket quickly because of the quick environmental change. That as well as the impacts of an Earth-wide temperature boost have expanded the paces of illnesses particularly skin disease because of the UV beams from the sun as the Ozone gap is enlarging and as it is the main assurance for us fr om these destructive beams which are ricocheting back a huge level of these beams, anyway it no longer exists in certain territories of the world and is diminishing at different zones. Contamination has been expanding throughout the years, particularly the air contamination structure vehicles, manufacturing plants and green houses because of CO2 outflows which effectsly affects individuals particularly the new conceived and the old. Asthma has been quickly expanding among us and we are beginning to consider it to be a typical disease however in reality this is a man-made sickness because of the air contamination that we have made which is influencing our kids and the individuals on the loose. All in all, air contamination is raising the ocean levels and the gap in our Ozone layer is an issue that we have made. The withering creatures and the dissolving ice in Antarctica are the impacts of the issue that we have made as we are killing the large blue inch by inch ordinary and we are e xecuting ourself too. I ask each and every individual who peruses this paper to please quit slaughtering our planet and in any event attempt to lessen the contamination in a few
Friday, August 21, 2020
Snow Falling on Cedars
How is the idea of the clashing points of view spoken to in the writings you have contemplated? In your answer allude to Snow Falling on Cedars and ONE related content based on your personal preference A clashing viewpoint is a perspective of it is possible that at least one individuals that is commonly emotional which presents a type of resistance in conclusion. The epic, ââ¬ËSnow falling On Cedarsââ¬â¢ made by David Guterson in 1995 and the film ââ¬ËCrashââ¬â¢ created by Paul Haggis in 2005 speaks to the idea of clashing points of view in various manners. Both the film and the novel pass on the thoughts of the social, legal and relational ideas in their writings through their characters and encounters, for example, Ishmael Chambers in Snow falling On Cedars and Jean from ââ¬ËCrashââ¬â¢. In ââ¬ËSnow Falling On Cedarsââ¬â¢ Guterson addresses clashing points of view through a legal dispute and afterward relates different peopleââ¬â¢s viewpoints deeply plot of the novel while ââ¬ËCrashââ¬â¢ recounts to a few unique stories and afterward merges them together. Hence through each composerââ¬â¢s utilization of sub plots, setting in the strawberry fields and procedures, the idea of clashing points of view is spoken to. The epic, Snow Falling on Cedars is a wrongdoing fiction novel which uncovers a tale about an examination and preliminary into the passing of a nearby islander on San Piedro. The book in itself portrays many sub plots, for example, the connection between Ishmael Chambers and Hatsue Imada just as the principle plot of the homicide preliminary. Guterson utilizes setting as a strategy so as to fortify his portrayal of clashing points of view in the novel. One of the fundamental clashing points of view which are spoken to in ââ¬Å"snow Falling on Cedarsâ⬠is the idea of racial legacy because of World War II. This is political clash which thusly causes trouble in the regular daily existence of the characters inside the book. The racial disdain between the Japanese and the Americans powers a large number of the contentions which happen in the book including the partiality and asked conviction of Kabuo and furthermore isolating those in the public arena who have various conclusions. The war appears to change peoplesââ¬â¢ points of view on everything and Guterson speaks to an idle question of the unique. This can be found in the novel as the repercussions of the assault on Pearl Harbor cause minor maltreatment of private Japanese ââ¬Ëtraitorsââ¬â¢ who are being captured ââ¬Ëin Hawaii and different spots and the FBIââ¬â¢s in on itâ⬠. Guterson speaks to the clashing points of view through the characters of Arthur and Ishmael chambers who through their paper voiced explanation and fair-minded data over the war ââ¬ËLet us rememberâ⬠¦ cap partiality and disdain are rarely right and never to be acknowledged by an equitable society (Arthur) and this caused incredible analysis from the kindred islanders. ââ¬Å"Seems like your preferring the Japs Artâ⬠. This can be diverged from the characters of Etta Heine who auctions off the land vowed to the Miyamotoââ¬â¢s while they were in internment camp and furthermore the boatman Dale Middleton who remarks to Ishmael ââ¬Ësuckers all look alikeââ¬â¢ alluding to the Miyamotoââ¬â¢s. The utilization of the strawberry fields inside the novel features Gutersonââ¬â¢s portrayal of the idea of clashing points of view. The fields are a shallow association of the considerable number of islanders with producers, pickers and packers working off the ranch and the remainder of the island going to the Strawberry Festival around every year. The strawberry field speaks to one of the fundamental subjects in the film which is the possibility that not all things are as it appears. The fields are images of extravagance and fruitfulness and hold a feeling of excellence in the organic product it creates be that as it may, simultaneously the fields are cold and unpleasant to take a shot at which gets representative of the characters on the island. In ââ¬ËSnow Falling On Cedarsââ¬â¢ there is a sub plot which rotates around the relationship of two islanders and this connections speaks to the ideas of clashing points of view. The connection between Ishmael Chambers and Hatsue Imada turns out to be profoundly huge as not exclusively is the responder ready to see the clashing viewpoints among Ishmael and Hatsue yet in addition the clashing points of view which happen inside Ishmael later in the book. Ishmael cherishes Hatsue and the loss of the connection between them brings about the disdain of Hatsue and lost empathy from Ishmael. The two of them have alternate points of view on their relationship and accordingly it was bound to fall flat, due to the racial contrasts as well as in light of the fact that she doesnââ¬â¢t love Ishmael. This disclosure is uncovered to the responder through the concealed scene in the cedar tree. ââ¬ËIt came as a gigantic stun to her, this information, and simultaneously it was something she had constantly known, something as of recently hiddenââ¬â¢. This statement additionally turns out to be very huge as the connection among Ishmael and Hatsue was stayed quiet with their affection filled gatherings kept inside an emptied out cedar tree in the timberland. Eventually the possibility that the relationship was stayed quiet cursed it in light of the fact that all together for their relationship to proceed with they should be open about it yet the relationship can just exist stealthily. ââ¬Å"â⬠¦ we canââ¬â¢t go out, Ishmael. Weââ¬â¢re caught inside this treeâ⬠. The finish of the book gives Ishmael the open door for Ishmael to determine a large number of the clashing points of view in the novel with the proof he found at the beacon which would demonstrate Kabuoââ¬â¢s innocence. Notwithstanding, the individual expense to him is gigantic and it removes something in himself when he approaches to determine it. The utilization of the cedar trees inside the novel turns into a significant method while thinking about the portrayal of the ideas of contention in the novel. The cedar tree is where Ishmael and Hatsue can seek after their relationship since it offers them a spot away from social qualities and rules and offers them the chance to seek after their emotions. The tree offers them an insurance from the real factors of the outside world. The tree, similar to the strawberry fields is an image of delicacy and magnificence. The tree anyway is empty and has something missing and this gets representative of Hatsueââ¬â¢s and Ishmaelââ¬â¢s relationship since it connotes that it was never intended to be and that there was something missing from their relationship. It was empty. The tree is emblematic of the twoââ¬â¢s love as this is where they lose their virginity to one another. Be that as it may, minutes after this happens Hatsue requests that Ishmael pull out as she feels that their relationship is finished. She doesn't adore him. The cedar tree is as quite a bit of an image of Ishmaelââ¬â¢s love for what it's worth of Hatsueââ¬â¢s love in social blood. The film, ââ¬ËCrashââ¬â¢ created by Paul Haggis in 2005 speaks to the idea of clashing points of view. Toward the start of the film the responder watches a few unique characters in various sub plots making a few distinct stories which have no relationship to one another. As the film advances the few distinctive sub plots start to merge into one and eventually spin around a solitary auto collision. The film ââ¬ËCrashââ¬â¢ shows a few unique implications of clashing viewpoints from the perspective of various characters and afterward shows how these points of view can change when exposed to various encounters. This can be seen through the character of Jean who because of a vehicle jacking prior in the film, has a clashing viewpoint on race. This viewpoint gets amusing in that she feel that ââ¬Ëwhitesââ¬â¢ are progressively better and don't submit themselves than such hated goes about as that of minorities individuals. Anyway when she takes a fall inside her own home and none of her ââ¬Ëwhiteââ¬â¢ companions come to support her, it is in reality her Hispanic house keeper Maria who causes her. The responder can see the adjustment in Jeans point of view when she remarks to her house keeper Maria ââ¬Å"youââ¬â¢re the closest companion Iââ¬â¢ve gotâ⬠. This can be identified with the character of Ishmael in ââ¬ËSnow Falling on Cedarsââ¬â¢ as he excessively changes his point of view towards the finish of the novel when he finds proof which could change the course of his ex-sweethearts spouses court preliminary. The twelfth part in ââ¬ËCrashââ¬â¢, Protect and Serve, catches the movies pith of the portrayal of clashing points of view where two characters, Officer Ryan and Christine are constrained into a circumstance where they are both compelled to confront their clashing viewpoints towards one another. In the start of the film, Officer Ryan ambushes Christine, a dark ladies dependent on his outside clash of racial partiality. Scene 12 ââ¬Å"Protect and Serveâ⬠powers the two characters to recognize their clashing viewpoints, allowing them the chance to determine this as Christine is caught in her toppled vehicle and Officer Ryan attempts to free her. The scene utilizes a few skillet shots, non-dijectic and music sounds to make a strange sense, as if the accident is a fantasy. This gets significant as the Haggis changes the dreamlike sense to a quick and high hazard circumstance utilizing mis-en-scene to make the crisis of the circumstance. As Officer Ryan arrives at the vehicle, the responder can see a progression of shots which show the scene from Officer Ryanââ¬â¢s point of view, yet additionally Christineââ¬â¢s. This scene powers Christine to confront her inside clashing perspective on Officer Ryan as an abuser shouting ââ¬Å"no, not you. Anybody yet youâ⬠at him when she understands what his identity is. The possibility that Christine is at last compelled to confront her inside clashes by tolerating Officer Ryan can likewise be found in the novel Snow Falling on Cedars as Ishmael is compelled to confront his understudy
Sunday, June 14, 2020
Essay Guidelines A Sample Essay
Essay Guidelines In a previous article on Essay Writing Tips, I explored some of the best ways to begin writing your essay. I then finished with a promise of an essay sample, and here it is! This essay sample comes complete with all essay guidelines and should be able to help you complete your essay as it will give you something to follow closely. Essay Guidelines Essay writing is one of the skills taught in school that many students believe will never be used once they graduate. Most adults can remember the dreaded essay question on high school and college exams. In truth, the ability to write a well-structured and compelling essay is a helpful skill in many different careers and aspects of life, which is where these essay guidelines come in. Writing a good essay requires the ability to logically present your ideas to the reader in a well-organized manner. The skill it takes to think through and organize an essay is one that transfers to other things easily. In fact, essay writing is a skill that used in some form in just about any career that involves educating, informing, or persuading others. In fact, if you review the essay guidelines and essay sample provided below, you will see that the organizational skills you need to write a good essay are also helpful if you ever need to persuade a jury, market or sell a product, create a power point presentation, or write a proposal. Essential Essay Sections Introduction The introduction includes an attention grabber for your audience. Itââ¬â¢s important to get your readerââ¬â¢s attention right from the start. The attention grabber is often a quote or a shocking statistic relevant to your Thesis statement which is what comes next in the introduction. The essay guidelines for a thesis statement are that it must be clear and specific and have a definable claim that can be argued. A thesis is not: a yes or no question a topic fact opinion a list a question vague or confrontational Essentially the sentences in your introduction will be a ââ¬Å"mini-outlineâ⬠telling the reader what the essay will be about. Another one of the key essay guidelines is that the last sentence of your introductory paragraph is the ââ¬Å"transitional hookâ⬠or sentence that engages the reader to keep reading. Essay Guidelines for the Body Paragraph I For the first paragraph in your essay, youââ¬â¢ll want to start out with your strongest point, your best argument, or your most compelling reason. Follow this with your strongest example. The topic of this first paragraph will be in the 1st or 2nd sentence, and it must relate back to the thesis statement that was part of your introduction. The last sentence in this first paragraph should transition the reader very smoothly into paragraph two. Paragraph II In the second paragraph, you will lay out your second strongest point or argument along with your second strongest example. If you are following standard essay guidelines, the topic of paragraph two relates to the thesis in your introduction and somehow ties back to the hook at the end of the first paragraph. Your last sentence will be a transitional hook that again compels the reader to keep reading to the third paragraph. Paragraph III If you have a weaker point or additional argument like in the essay sample below, save it for paragraph three and pair it with your third strongest or your weakest example. Donââ¬â¢t forget to allude somehow to the hook at the end of paragraph two. In the final sentence, you need to signal the reader that this is the last point you will be making and transition easily into the conclusion. Wrap it Up- The Conclusion The conclusion of the essay is just that. It will be your final paragraph. A key element in all essay guidelines for this section is that you summarize your three main points, to remind the reader that you kept your promise. Itââ¬â¢s important to point out to the reader that you delivered what you said you would deliver. Restate the thesis, but donââ¬â¢t just repeat the entire thesis statement word for word. Make it clear in your last sentence of this section that this is your final statement. If you are persuading or selling something, this last sentence is your call to action. Now that weââ¬â¢ve gone over the standard sections typically recommended, use the suggestions in the essay sample outline below to write your essay. Keep in mind that the purpose of your essay may dictate how your essay is structured as well. If your essay is an assignment for a course, a contest, a college application, or something else, make sure that you check and follow those essay guidelines exactly, if there are any discrepancies or additional requirements. Introduction Attention Grabber/Introductory Points Thesis Statement Transitional Hook Body Paragraph I Strongest Main Point (topic sentence) Strongest sub-point or compelling reason Most relevant example Transitional hook to next paragraph Paragraph II Second strongest point Second strongest sub-point Second most relevant example Transitional hook to paragraph III Paragraph III Third Strongest or Weakest Main Point Third strongest sub-point Third most relevant example Transition to conclusion Conclusion Summarize or review your three main points (Remind readers what the essay was aboutââ¬âyour promise from the introduction) Restate your thesis (do not duplicate word for word) Final statement or call to action So now that youââ¬â¢ve taken some time to review the basic essay guidelines and the above sample essay outline, itââ¬â¢s time to get started on your essay. Take time before you start writingââ¬âclarify the purpose of your essay, refine your topic carefully, and create an outline like the one above. These things will not only guide you and save you time but give the reader a more organized, logical, and compelling essay to read. Youà can also use writing software to help you. If you want to go down this road, be sure to read our article on Grammarly: Is Grammarly Worth It?
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Housing Discrimination Is A Pervasive Problem - 875 Words
Direct action can often be a term that is misleading, but in all, it aims to call public attention to something that is not targeted enough to spark pressure for change. Through research, it is evident to observe how certain citizenry uses direct action and protests with various issues within certain communities. For example, the use of protests are intended to reveal existing problems and find alternatives, or call attention to social issues. Relating to the research, housing discrimination is a pervasive problem. Millions instances of discrimination occur; higher institution are evicting for profit, especially to those who live in areas with high poverty. Theories: The theoretical paradigm reflects on the perspective of the functionalist values. For the theory, I have selected stratification. The functional paradigm looks at society as a large structure. It examines each part and recognizes it to become stable. Relating to the use of direct action in housing, society is made up of many integrated parts. With the institutions on the left, the banks, and the social facts, or the minorities on the right, are being unfair and unequal to the people. This type of paradigm seeks stability to avoid conflict, but with the issue of constant eviction, is very dysfunctional. In this case, we can see many on the street, many with no roofs over their head, and the rate of the homeless increasing. In addition to the theory, people are possessing unequal shares of social resources, inShow MoreRelatedCultural Marxist George Lipsitz In The Possessive Investment1698 Words à |à 7 Pagesracism theory, but he is the first to extend the analysis into the late twe ntieth century. Traditional historiographies of whiteness in the United States emphasize the critical examination and reorganization of the persistent racial discrimination constructed from the problem of white identity. Lipsitz investigates the racialized structure of contemporary America and unveils white peopleââ¬â¢s continuing investments in whiteness. Lipsitz linguistically exploits the double meaning of the term ââ¬Å"investmentâ⬠Read MoreCongress Enacted The Equal Opportunity For Individuals With Disabilities Act962 Words à |à 4 PagesIn 1990, Congress enacted the Equal Opportunity for Individuals with Disabilities Act, more commonly known as the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, ââ¬Å"to provide a clear and comprehensive national mandate for the elimination of discrimination against individuals with disabilities.â⬠This followed four years of work by the National Council on Disability, an independent federal agency charged with advising the President, Congress, an d other federal agencies on disability policies, programs,Read MoreDiscrimination Still a Big Problem in the American Economy1512 Words à |à 7 Pagesvarious types of discrimination. Discrimination is defined by the Oxford Dictionary as the unjust or prejudicial treatment of differential categories of people or things, especially on the grounds of race, age, or sex. Despite the much advancement in workplace law, America still falls short in achieving an equal playing field across all categories. The economy of America continues to suffer today from the inequalities that exist from discrimination. Becker describes, ââ¬Å"discrimination in the marketRead MoreHomelessness Case Study1683 Words à |à 7 PagesCase Study This report is concerned with the connection between homelessness its historical framework and the governance of the pervasive ââ¬Ëvictim blamingââ¬â¢ ideologies and the social issues it brings to society. Structural issues create different risk levels among certain populations. (Heinz, 2005, p. 61) The homeless have been regarded historically as objects of empathy and disparagement in the media, political, and the economic domains. (Farrugia, 2011a) These sentiments are tied to how homelessRead MoreOppression And Its Effect On Social And Economic Justice882 Words à |à 4 Pagesdis-empower, marginalize, silence or otherwise subordinate one social group or category, often in order to further empower and/or privilege the oppressor. The purpose for this article is to show how social workers are to avoid unintended collusion with pervasive oppressive systems and if they are to be successful in promoting social and economic justice, a firm grasp of the nature of oppression with its dynamics of power and its systemic character is required. The concept of oppression is presented hereRead MoreWhy Is Institutional Racism so Important to Our Understanding of Racial Inequalities in Britain Today?4297 Words à |à 18 Pageslaw, practices and customs which in practice systemically reflect and produce racial inequalities within society. It has been noted that discrimination can occur irrespective of the intent of the individuals or the institution simply due to the fact it becomes rooted in widely shared values, attitudes and beliefs. Therefore cases of institutional discrimination are difficult to police without the fact that being acknowledged that racist outcomes are occurring without the actors knowledge. It becomesR ead MoreThe Origins Of Poverty And Inequality Essay1652 Words à |à 7 Pagesexperience significant hardships, including temporary food shortages, inadequate housing, and unfair treatment, but these individuals are a minority within the overall poverty population. Poverty remains an issue of serious social concern, but accurate information about that problem is essential in creating a solution. This kind of poverty and inequality is rooted in the nation today by blatant segregation, discrimination, and immorality among individuals of higher power. President Obama broke the barrierRead MoreEthnic and Religious Discrimination in Malaysia1349 Words à |à 5 PagesMihlar documented on the reality of ethnic and religious discrimination not limited to Indian ethnic group in Malaysia. Indians ââ¬Å"make up 8%â⬠of the entire population, Chinese formed 40% while Malays were the majority (Mihlar, para. 1). At the same time, ââ¬Å"Malays followâ⬠Islam; majority of Indians were Hindus with minority of them Sikhs while most of the Chinese were either Buddhist or Taoists (Mihlar, para. 1). The Malaysian Indians experienced ââ¬Å"human rights violationsâ⬠because of their religiousRead MoreRacism At The Institute On Race And Poverty1344 Words à |à 6 Pagescountry, it becomes institutional and structural racism. Which is a problem that has beleaguered the United States ever since its inception and inevitably will for the future. This problem is not represented any better than by the aforementioned statistics from the IRP that illustrated that even when given precisely similar conditions Whites have a significant advantage over Blacks and Hispanics, at least in the financial and housing markets. Unlike what those numbers represent, in no way are they biasedRead MoreThe Structural Theory Of Poverty1031 Words à |à 5 PagesIn todayââ¬â¢s world, the United States is the leading economic powerhouse. However, poverty is still a prevalent and pervasive social problem (Arneson, 2007). This paper will discuss the sociological concepts and theories surrounding this pertinent issue. In addition, it will point out the value of sociological research into this social ill. Lastly, it will present evidence to support the hypothesis that poverty is a structural failure. In contrast to the school of thought supported by a number of
Consumer Behavior on Impulsive Buying free essay sample
With the growth of e-commerce and television shopping channels, consumers have easy access to im-pulse purchasing opportunities, but little is known about this sudden, compelling, hedonically complex purchasing behavior in non-Western cultures. Yet cultural factors moderate many as-pects of consumerââ¬â¢s impulsive buying behavior, including self-identity, normative influences, the suppression of emotion, and the postponement of instant gratification. From a multi-country survey of consumers in Australia, United States, Hong Kong, Singapore, and Malaysia, our analyses show that both regional level factors (individualismââ¬âcollectivism) and individual cul-tural difference factors (independent ââ¬âinterdependent self-concept) systematically influence impulsive purchasing behavior. Impulsive consumer buying behavior is a widely recognized phenomenon in the United States. It accounts for up to 80%of all purchases in certain product categories (Abrahams, 1997; Smith, 1996), and it has been suggested that purchases of new products result more from impulse purchasing than from prior planning (Sfiligoj, 1996). A1997 study found that an es-timated $4. 2 billion annual store volume was generated by impulse sales of items such as candy and magazines (Mogelonsky, 1998). Paco Underhill, author of Why We Buy: The Science of Shopping (1999), affirms that many purchases are being made on the premises of stores themselves as cus-tomers give in to their impulses. Furthermore, technologies such as television shopping channels and the Internet expand consumersââ¬â¢ impulse purchasing opportunities, increasing both the accessibility to products and services and the ease with which impulse purchases can be made. Impulsive buying behavior is a sudden, compelling, hedonically complex purchasing behavior in which the rapid-ity of the impulse purchase decision process precludes thoughtful, deliberate consideration of all information and choice alternatives (Bayley Nancorrow, 1998; Rook 1987; Thompson, Locander, Pollio, 1990; Weinberg Gottwald, 1982). This description is largely based on interviews and surveys of Westerners. The growth of e-commerce and the increasing con-sumer- orientation of many societies around the world offer expanding occasions for impulse purchasing, but little is known about impulsive buying behavior in non-Western so-cieties. Most of the research on impulse buying focuses on consumers in the United States. A few studies have looked at consumers in Great Britain (Bayley Nancarrow, 1998; Dittmar, Beattie, Friese, 1995; McConatha, Lightner, Deaner, 1994), and South Africa (Abratt Goodey, 1990) and have found that United States consumers tend to be more impulsive than comparable British and South African sam-ples. However, none of these studies examined explicitly the effect of cultural factors on impulse buying behavior. A recent special issue of the Journal of Consumer Psy-chology dealt with cultural issues demonstrating the growing interest in cultural differences in consumer behavior and highlighted the importance of understanding the cultural con-text of consumer behavior in an increasing globalized mar-ketplace (Maheswaran Shavitt, 2000). We believe that JOURNAL OF CONSUMER PSYCHOLOGY, 12(2), 163ââ¬â176 Copyright à © 2002, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. Requests for reprints shoul d be sent to Jacqueline J. Kacen, University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign, 1206 S. Sixth Street, Champaign, IL 61820. Email: [emailprotected] edu IMPULSE BUYING Impulse buying is defined as ââ¬Å"an unplanned purchaseâ⬠that ischaracterized by ââ¬Å"(1) relatively rapid decision-making, and (2) a subjective bias in favor of immediate possessionâ⬠(Rook Gardner, 1993, p. 3; see also Rook, 1987; Rook Hoch, 1985). It is described as more arousing, less deliberate, and more irresistible buying behavior compared to planned pur-chasing behavior. Highly impulsive buyers are likely to be unreflective in their thinking, to be emotionally attracted to the object, and to desire immediate gratification (Hoch Loewenstein, 1991; Thompson et al. , 1990). These consum-ers often pay little attention to potential negative conse-quences that may result from their actions (Hoch Loewenstein, 1991; Rook, 1987; see also Oââ¬â¢Guinn Faber,1989). Previous research conducted in the United States and Great Britain (individualist cultures) has shown that many factors influence impulsive buying behavior: the consumerââ¬â¢s mood or emotional state (Donovan, Rossiter, Marcoolyn, Nesdale, 1994; Rook, 1987; Rook Gardner, 1993: Wein-berg Gottwald, 1982), trait buying impulsiveness (Puri, 1996; Rook Fisher, 1995; Weun, Jones, Beatty, 1998), normative evaluation of the appropriateness of engaging in impulse buying (Rook Fisher, 1995), self-identity (Dittmar et al. , 1995), and demographic factors, such as age (e. g. Bellenger, Robertson, Hirschman, 1978; Wood, 1998). Several studies demonstrate the effect of consumersââ¬â¢ moods and affective states on impulsive buying behavior. Rook and Gardner (1993) found that consumersââ¬â¢ positive moods were more conducive to impulsive buying than nega-tive moods, although impulse buying occurred under both types of moods. Beatty and Ferrell (1998) also found that a consumerââ¬â¢s positive mood was associated with the urge to buy impulsively, while the impulse buyers in Weinberg and Gottwaldââ¬â¢s (1982) study were more ââ¬Å"emotionalizedâ⬠than nonbuyers. Donovan et al. 1994) discovered a positive asso-ciation between consumersââ¬â¢ feelings of pleasure in the shopping environment and impulse buying behavior. In each ofthese studies, pleasurable feelings led to increased unplanned spending. Cognitive, clinical, social, developmental, and consumer psychologists have studied the general trait of impulsiveness and impulse control (Eysenck Eysenck, 1978; Eysenck, Pearson, Easting, Allsopp, 1985; Helmers, Young, Pihl, 1995; Hilgard, 1962; Logue Chavarro, 1992; Logue, King,Cavarro, Volpe, 1990; Mischel, 1961; Puri, 1996; Rawlings, Boldero, Wiseman, 1995; Rook Fisher, 1995; Weun et al. 1998). Trait impulsiveness is characterized by unreflective actions (Eysenck et al. , 1985) and is si gnificantly correlated with thrill-seeking (Weun et al. , 1998), and the psychological need to maintain a relatively high level of stim-ulation (Gerbing, Ahadi, Patton, 1987). Rook and Fisher (1995) recently developed a nine-item measure of trait buy-ing impulsiveness that was significantly correlated with im-pulse buying behavior. In addition, they found that consumersââ¬â¢ normative evaluation of the appropriateness of engaging in impulse buying in a particular situation moder-ates an individualââ¬â¢s trait impulsiveness. Specifically, when consumers believe that impulse purchasing is socially accept-able, they act on their impulsive tendencies, but when it is so-cially unacceptable these tendencies may be thwarted. The literature on compulsive shopping (Elliot, 1994), self-gifts (Mick, DeMoss, Faber, 1992), and impulse pur-chases (Dittmar et al. , 1995) highlights the role of perceived social image and the expression of self-identity in the pur-chase decision. Dittmar et al. 1995) hypothesized that im-pulse purchases were more likely to be items that symbolize the preferred or ideal self and as such should be affected by social categories such as gender. They argued that women value their possessions for emotional and relationship-ori-ented reasons, whereas men value their possessions for func-tional and instrumental reasons. The results of the study supported their hypothesis: Men reported more personal (in-dependent) identity reasons for their purchases whereas women reported more social (relation al) identity reasons. An individualââ¬â¢s impulsive behavior tendencies have also been related to demographic characteristics such as a con-sumerââ¬â¢s age. Based on a national sample of adults in the United States, Wood (1998) found an inverse relationship be-tween age and impulse buying overall. However, the relation-ship is non-monotonic ââ¬â between the ages of 18 and 39 impulse buying increases slightly and thereafter declines. This is consistent with Bellenger et al. (1978) who found that shoppers under 35 were more prone to impulse buying com-pared to those over 35 years old. Research on trait impulsive-ness indicates that younger individuals score higher on measures of impulsivity compared to older people (Eysenck et al. , 1985; Helmers et al. , 1995; Rawlings et al. , 1995) and demonstrate less self-control than adults (Logue Chavarro, 1992). Because impulsiveness is linked to emotional arousal, this finding concerning the relationship between age and im-pulsiveness is consistent with studies of emotions and emo.
Monday, April 13, 2020
Easy Topics to Write an Informative Essay on
Easy Topics to Write an Informative Essay onEasy topics to write an informative essay on are often difficult to come up with. The search for something that will show up on the search engine is never easy, either. However, there are many easy topics to write an informative essay on that are readily available. With a little ingenuity, you can come up with some topics on which to write about.One of the easiest easy topics to write an informative essay on is a sports story. The last time I checked, it was the most popular type of story that was readily available. Sports are something that people can get excited about and will love to read about. Many people are interested in other sports as well, including baseball, basketball, hockey, rugby, and many others. With all of the sports stories out there, there is bound to be one that you can use to illustrate your points.Another of the easy topics to write an informative essay on is a news story. Everyone knows that there is plenty of news t hat goes around every day. You can use this to set up your argument. With so much news out there, you are sure to find something of interest.Another of the easy topics to write an informative essay on is a political issue. Many times, a person will get so wrapped up in their own political viewpoints that they forget to take a step back and really think about the bigger picture. The world of politics is often a fascinating subject and you can get a good grasp of it with an informative essay. Simply be sure to stay focused on the most important points.A topic can also be considered easy if it is something that is constantly being talked about. For example, in this case, it would be a topic that gets new research released every day. A scientific or technology-related topic can also qualify. It is best to stay away from any subject that is controversial in nature.There are other examples of easy topics to write an informative essay on. If you find a natural disaster in progress, it can be a great topic to discuss. There are many things that can be learned from a natural disaster. It can show people how lucky they are that they are not the ones in a natural disaster area.Topics that people would like to read about are also considered easy to write about. Whether you choose a celebrity or something that is of interest to readers, there is likely to be a way to use the topic to your advantage. Think about how well you can relate your essay to the topic. If the topic is something that is quite popular, you may be able to get away with a lot more of your own opinion than someone else who is writing about a subject that they know very little about.Another thing to consider when looking for easy topics to write an informative essay on is the type of audience that you want to target. A personal essay might not be the best choice if you are trying to write for a group of people. It is better to tailor your topic to the audience that you are writing for. It is best to try t o get a group of people in an area that you are familiar with to help you get the right voice for your essay.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)